Web Directory

» Baader, Franz Xaver von
   German philosopher, born at Munich, 1765; died 23 May, 1841.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02173a.htm

» Baal, Baalim
   A word which belongs to the oldest stock of the Semite vocabulary and primarily means "lord", "owner".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02175a.htm

» Baalbek
   Town in Syria; also called Heliopolis.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02177a.htm

» Babel
   The word is derived from the Babylonian bab-ilu, meaning "gate of God".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02177b.htm

» Babenstuber, Ludwig
   German philosopher and theologian; vice-chancellor of the University of Salzburg; born 1660 at Teining in Bavaria; died 5 April, 1726, at the Benedictine monastery of Ettal.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02178a.htm

» Babinet, Jacques
   French physicist. (1794-1872)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02178b.htm

» Babylas, Saint
   Bishop of Antioch, martyr in the Decian persecution, died in prison.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02178c.htm

» Babylon (Title)
   The curial title of a Latin archbishopric, also of a Chaldean patriarchate, and of a Syrian archbishopric.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02179a.htm

» Babylonia
   Includes geography, history, and biblical references.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02179b.htm

» Baccanceld
   This meeting was rather a witenagemot, or Parliament, than an ecclesiastical synod, presided over by Wihtred, King of Kent.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02189a.htm

» Bacchylus
   Bishop of Corinth.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02189b.htm

» Bachelot, Alexis John Augustine
   Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands. (1796-1837)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16006a.htm

» Bachiarius
   An early fifth-century writer, known only through two treatises which warrant the conjecture that he was a monk, possibly an abbot, and a Spaniard.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190a.htm

» Bachmann, Paul
   Catholic theological controversialist, born at Chemnitz, Saxony, about 1466.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190b.htm

» Backer, Augustin de
   Bibliographer, born at Antwerp, Belgium, 18 July, 1809; died at Liège, 1 December, 1873.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190c.htm

» Backx, Peter Hubert Evermode
   Ordained priest 17 March, 1832, considered the second founder of the Norbertine Abbey of Tongerloo.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190d.htm

» Bacon, David William
   First Bishop of Portland, Maine. (1813-1874)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02191a.htm

» Bacon, John
   An English Carmelite and theologian, born towards the end of the thirteenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02191b.htm

» Bacon, Nathaniel
   Better know under the assumed name of Southwell, a Jesuit priest and bibliographer, b. in the county of Norfolk, England, in 1598; d. at Rome, 2 Dec., 1676.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02191c.htm

» Baconian System of Philosophy, The
   Essay takes a look at this system and its relation to theology and the beliefs of the Catholic church.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02192a.htm

» Badajoz
   The Latin name Pax, or Civitas Pacensis, was given to this district because it was thought to be the Pax Julia or Pax Augusta of the Romans.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02193a.htm

» Baden
   The Grand Duchy of Baden is situated in the southwestern part of the German Empire.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02194a.htm

» Badia, Tommaso
   Cardinal, author, papal legate, born at Modena, 1483; died at Rome, 6 September, 1547.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02200a.htm

» Badin, Stephen Theodore
   Pioneer missionary priest of Kentucky. (1768-1853)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02200b.htm

» Badius, Raphael
   A Florentine Dominican of the seventeenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02201a.htm

» Baegert, John Jacob
   Missionary and ethnographer. (1717-1777)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02201b.htm

» Baert, François
   Bollandist, born at Ypres, 25 August, 1651; died at Antwerp, 27 October, 1719.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02201c.htm

» Baeumer, Suitbert
   Historian of the Breviary and one of the most scholarly patrologists of the nineteenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02202a.htm

» Bagamoyo
   Vicariate apostolic in German East Africa, separated by a pontifical Decree of 11 May, 1906, from the Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Zanzibar.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02202b.htm

» Bagdad
   Founded on the Tigris by the second Abbaside Caliph Abou Giafar al Mansur (762 or 764) and named by him Medinet es-Selam, or City of Salvation.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02202c.htm

» Bageis
   A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203a.htm

» Baglioni, Giovanni, Cavaliere
   Known as the "Deaf Man of the Barozzo", a painter of distinction, b. in Rome, 1571; d. there 1644.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203b.htm

» Bagnorea
   A diocese situated in the district of Viterbo, Italy, and immediately subject to the Holy See.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203c.htm

» Bagot, Jean
   Theologian, born at Rennes, in France, 9 July, 1591, died at Paris, 23 August, 1664.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203d.htm

» Bagshaw, Christopher
   Convert, priest, prisoner for the Faith, and a prominent figure in the controversies between Catholic priests and the reign of Elizabeth.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203e.htm

» Bahama Islands, The
   The most northerly group of the West Indies.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02204a.htm

» Bailey, Thomas
   Controversialist, died c. 1657.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02206a.htm

» Baillargeon, Charles François
   A French-Canadian bishop. (1798-1870)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02206b.htm

» Baillet, Adrien
   French author. (1649-1706)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02206c.htm

» Bailloquet, Pierre
   French missionary to Canadian Indians. (1612-1692)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207a.htm

» Baily, Thomas
   A Catholic clergyman, b. in Yorkshire, England; d. at Douai, France, 7 October, 1591.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207b.htm

» Bainbridge, Christopher
   Archbishop of York, and Cardinal. (1464-1514)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207c.htm

» Baines, Peter Augustine
   Titular Bishop of Siga. (1787-1843)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207d.htm

» Baines, Ralph
   Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, England, b. at Knowsthorp, Yorks, date of birth uncertain; d. 18 November, 1559.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02208a.htm

» Baini, Abbate Giuseppe
   Composer, born in Rome, 21 October, 1775; died there 21 May, 1844.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02209a.htm

» Baithen of Iona, Saint
   Irish monk, immediate successor of St. Columba as abbot of Iona. Baithen died sometime between 598 and 600.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02209b.htm

» Baius, Michel
   Theologian and author of a system known as Baianism. (1513-1589)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02209c.htm

» Baker City, Diocese of
   Comprises Wasco, Klamath, Lake, Sherman, Gilliam, Wheeler, Morrow, Grant, Union, Crook, Umatilla, Wallowa, Baker, Harney, and Malheur counties in the State of Oregon, U.S.A.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02213b.htm

» Baker, Charles
   Real name David Henry Lewis. Biography of the convert to Catholicism, who was martyred in 1679.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02212a.htm

» Baker, David Augustine
   Benedictine mystic and ascetic writer. (1575-1641)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02212b.htm

» Baker, Francis Asbury
   American priest and convert. (1820-1865)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02213a.htm

» Bakócz, Thomas
   Cardinal and statesman, b. about 1442, in the village of Erdoed, county Szatmar, Northeastern Hungary; d. 15 June, 1521.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02214a.htm

» Balaam
   The derivation of the name is uncertain. Dr. Neubauer would connect it with the god Ammo or Ammi, as though Balaam belonged to a people whose god or lord was Ammo or Ammi.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02214b.htm

» Balanaea
   A titular see of Syria.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02215a.htm

» Balbina, Saint
   There are at least two saints of this name venerated at Rome.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216a.htm

» Balbinus, Boleslaus
   A Jesuit historian of Bohemia. (1621-1688)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216b.htm

» Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de
   Explorer, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of Central America. (1475-1517)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216c.htm

» Balbuena, Bernardo de
   A Spanish poet, born in Val de Peñas, 1568; died in Porto Rico, 1627.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02217a.htm

» Balbus, Hieronymus
   Humanist, poet, diplomatist, and Bishop of Gurk in Carinthia, b. about 1450 at Venice; d. there, probably 1535.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02217b.htm

» Baldachium of the Altar
   A dome-like canopy in wood, stone, or metal, erected over the high altar of larger churches, generally supported on four columns, though sometimes suspended by chains from the roof.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02217c.htm

» Balde, Jacob
   A German poet. (1604-1668)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02218a.htm

» Balderic
   Bishop of Dol, in France, chronicler, b. about 1050; d. 7 January, 1130.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02218c.htm

» Balderic (Baudry)
   A monk of Liège, a writer and teacher of the twelfth century, b. date unknown, at Florennes in Belgium; d. about 1157.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02218b.htm

» Baldi, Bernardino
   An Italian poet and savant, b. at Urbino, 5 June, 1553; d. at the same place, 10 October, 1617.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02219a.htm

» Baldovinetti, Alesso
   A notable Florentine painter, b. in Florence, 14 October, 1427; d. there, 29 August, 1499.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02219c.htm

» Baldred, Saint
   Two saints of this name have the same feast day. One was a Celt; the other, and Englishman.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02220a.htm

» Baldung, Hans
   Known as Grien or Grun, from his fondness for brilliant green, both in his own costume and in his pictures, a vigorous and distinguished painter, engraver, and draughtsman on wood, b. at Gmund, Swabia, about 1476; d. at Strasburg, 1545.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02220b.htm

» Baldwin
   Archbishop of Trier and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, born 1285; died 1354.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02220c.htm

» Baldwin of Canterbury
   Thirty-ninth Archbishop, a native of Exeter, date of birth unknown; d. 19 Nov., 1190.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02221b.htm

» Baldwin, Francis
   Jurist. (1520-1573)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02221a.htm

» Balearic Isles
   A group in the western part of the Mediterranean belonging to Spain and consisting of four larger islands, Majorca, Minorca, Iviza, and Formentera, and eleven smaller islands of rocky formation.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02221c.htm

» Ball, Mother Frances Mary Teresa
   Born in Dublin 9 January, 1794; died 19 May, 1861; foundress of the Irish Branch of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02222b.htm

» Ballarat
   One of the three suffragan dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne, Australia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02223a.htm

» Ballerini, Antonio
   Jesuit theologian. (1805-1881)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16006b.htm

» Ballerini, Girolamo and Pietro
   Celebrated theologians and canonists, the sons of a distinguished surgeon of Verona.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02223b.htm

» Balme, Henry
   A Franciscan theologian, born at Genera, date uncertain; d. 23 February, 1439.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02224a.htm

» Balmes, Jaime Luciano
   Philosopher and publicist, b. at Vich, Spain, 28 August, 1810; d. there, 9 July, 1848.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02224b.htm

» Balsam
   Balsam is an oily, resinous, and odorous substance, which flows spontaneously or by incision from certain plants, and which the Church mixes with olive oil for use as chrism.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02226a.htm

» Balsamon, Theodore
   A canonist of the Greek Church, born in the second half of the twelfth century at Constantinople; died there, after 1195.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02226b.htm

» Baltasar
   The Greek and Latin name for Belshazzar, which is the Hebrew equivalent for Bel­sarra­usur, i.e., "May Bel protect the king".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02226c.htm

» Baltimore, Archdiocese of
   History includes colonial and American periods.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02228a.htm

» Baltimore, Plenary Councils of
   Provides details of three councils held in 1852, 1866, and 1884.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02235a.htm

» Baltimore, Provincial Councils of
   These councils have a unique importance for the Church in the United States, inasmuch as the earlier ones legislated for practically the whole territory of the Republic, and furnished moreover a norm for all the later provincial councils of the country.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02239a.htm

» Baltus, Jean François
   Theologian, born at Metz, 8 June, 1667; died at Reims, 9 March, 1743.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02241a.htm

» Balue, Jean
   A French cardinal, b. probably c. 1421, in Poitou; d. 5 October, 1491, at Ripatransone.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02241b.htm

» Baluze, Etienne
   French scholar and historian. (1630-1718)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02242a.htm

» Bamberg
   Includes history and statistics for the Archdiocese of Bamberg, in the kingdom of Bavaria.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02242c.htm

» Banaias
   The name of several men mentioned in the Bible.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246a.htm

» Bancel, Louis
   Born at Valence, 1628; died at Avignon, 1685.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246b.htm

» Bandello, Matteo
   Writer, born at Castelnuovo di Scrivia in Piedmont, Italy, in 1480; died Bishop of Agen, France, in 1565.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246c.htm

» Banduri, Anselmo
   Archaeologist and numismatologist. (1671-1743)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246d.htm

» Bangor
   Diocese; anciently known as Bangor Vawr, situated in Carnarvonshire on the Menai Straits.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02249b.htm

» Bangor Abbey
   The name of two famous monastic establishments in Ireland and England.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02250a.htm

» Bangor, Antiphonary of
   The codex, found by Muratori in the Ambrosian Library at Milan.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02249a.htm

» Banim, John and Michael
   Brothers and writers from Kilkenny, Ireland.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02251a.htm

» Banjaluka
   The Diocese of Banjaluka in Western Bosnia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02252a.htm

» Bankruptcy, Civil Aspect of
   Earlier English terms, bankruptship, bankrupture.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02252b.htm

» Bankruptcy, Moral Aspect of
   Bankruptcy must be considered not only from the legal but also from the moral point of view; for sound morality prescribes that debts must be paid.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02254a.htm

» Banns of Marriage
   In general the ecclesiastical announcement of the names of persons contemplating marriage.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02255a.htm

» Bapst, John
   Jesuit missionary and educator. (1815-1887)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02258a.htm

» Baptism
   One of the Seven Sacraments of the Christian Church; frequently called the "first sacrament", the "door of the sacraments", and the "door of the Church".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02258b.htm

» Baptismal Font
   A basin or vase, serving as a receptacle for baptismal water in which the candidate for baptism is immersed, or over which he is washed, in the ceremony of Christian initiation.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02274a.htm

» Baptismal Vows
   The name popularly given to the renunciations required of an adult candidate for baptism just before the sacrament is conferred.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02275a.htm

» Baptista Mantuanus, Blessed
   Carmelite, Renaissance poet, d. 1516.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02276a.htm

» Baptista Varani, Blessed
   Poor Clare and ascetical writer. She died in 1527.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16006c.htm

» Baptistery
   The separate building in which the Sacrament of Baptism was once solemnly administered, or that portion of the church-edifice later set apart for the same purpose.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02276b.htm

» Baptistines
   I. Hermits of St. John the Baptist. II. Missionaries of St. John the Baptist. III. Sisterhood of St. John the Baptist.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02277a.htm

» Baptists
   A Protestant denomination which exists chiefly in English speaking countries and owes its name to its characteristic doctrine and practice regarding baptism.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02278a.htm

» Bar Hebræus
   A Jacobite Syrian bishop, philosopher, poet, grammarian, physician, Biblical commentator, historian, and theologian. (1226-1286)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02294a.htm

» Bar-Kepha, Moses
   Jacobite bishop and writer. (813-903)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02296b.htm

» Barac
   The deliverer of the Israelites from the power of the Chanaanites under the judgeship of Debbora.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02281a.htm

» Baradæus, Jacob
   A Syrian Monophysite bishop, born in Tella, towards the end of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, died in 578.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02282a.htm

» Baraga, Frederic
   First Bishop of Marquette, Michigan, U.S.A. (1797-1868)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02282b.htm

» Barat, Nicolas
   A French Orientalist, born at Bourges during the first quarter of the seventeenth century; died in 1706 at Paris.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284a.htm

» Barba, Alvaro Alonzo
   A secular priest and writer.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284b.htm

» Barbalissos
   A titular see of Mesopotamia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284c.htm

» Barbara, Saint
   Legendary virgin and martyr, first mentioned in the early seventh century. Alleged to have died in the third or fourth century, but date is uncertain and place of martyrdom varies.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284d.htm

» Barbarigo, Giovanni Francesco
   Italian Cardinal, nephew of Blessed Gregorio Barbarigo (1625-97), born in 1658 at Venice; died in 1730.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02285a.htm

» Barbastro
   Suffragan diocese of the Spanish province of Huesca.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02285b.htm

» Barbelin, Felix-Joseph
   Styled the "apostle of Philadelphia", b. at Luneville, Province of Alsace, France, 30 May, 1808; d. in Philadelphia, 8 June, 1869.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02286a.htm

» Barber Family, The
   Daniel Barber, soldier of the Revolution, Episcopalian minister and convert. (1756-1834) Virgil Horace Barber, son of Daniel. (1782-1847)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02286b.htm

» Barbieri, Giovanni
   A famous painter of religious subjects. (1591-1666)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02287a.htm

» Barbosa, Agostino
   A noted canonist, b. at Guimaraens, Portugal, in 1589; consecrated in Rome, 22 March, 1649, Bishop of Ugento in Otranto, Italy, died seven months later.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02287b.htm

» Barbosa-Machado, Ignacio
   A Portuguese historian, born at Lisbon in 1686; died in 1734.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288a.htm

» Barbour, John
   Scottish ecclesiastic and author of "The Bruce", a historical poem in the early Scottish or Northern English dialect, b. about 1320; d. 1395.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288b.htm

» Barbus, Paulus
   Italian philosopher and theologian, died at Cremona, 4 August, 1494.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288c.htm

» Barca
   A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288d.htm

» Barcelona
   One of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Tarragona.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288e.htm

» Barcelona, University of
   An outgrowth of the ecclesiastical schools founded in the eleventh century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02290a.htm

» Barcena, Alonzo de
   A Jesuit, native of Bacza in Andalusia, Spain. (1528-1598)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02291a.htm

» Barclay, John
   Author of the political novel "Argenis" and other Latin works in prose and verse. (1582-1621)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02291b.htm

» Barclay, William
   Scottish jurist, b. 1546; d. at Angers, France, 3 July, 1608.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02291c.htm

» Barco Centenera, Martin del
   A secular priest, in 1572 accompanied as chaplain, the expedition of Juan Ortiz de Zárate to the Rio de La Plata.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02292a.htm

» Barcos, Martin de
   French theologian of the Jansenist School. (1600-1678)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02292b.htm

» Bard, Henry
   An English soldier and diplomat, b. 1604; d. 1660.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02292c.htm

» Bardesanes and Bardesanites
   Syrian Gnostic or, more correctly, a Syrian poet, astrologist, and philosopher, d. 222, at Edessa.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02293a.htm

» Bari
   An archdiocese situated in the province of the same name, in Apulia, Southern Italy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02295a.htm

» Barjesus
   False prophet mentioned in the New Testament.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02296a.htm

» Barlaam and Josaphat
   Main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend. Barlaam, a hermit, converted the prince Josaphat to Christianity, despite the efforts of Josaphat's father Abenner to prevent such a thing. Although Barlaam and Josaphat are included in the Roman Mart
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02297a.htm

» Barletta, Gabriel
   Sometimes called Barlete, De Barolo, or Barolus.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02297b.htm

» Barlings, Abbey of
   Founded in 1154 in honour of Our Lady by Ralph de Haye who had given some lands to the Abbot of Newhouse.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02298a.htm

» Barlow, William Rudesind
   Third son of Sir Alexander Barlow of Barlow Hall, date of birth uncertain; d. at Douai, 19 Sept., 1656.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02298c.htm

» Barnabas of Terni
   Friar Minor and missionary, d. 1474 or 1477.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02301a.htm

» Barnabas, Saint
   Originally Joseph, styled an Apostle in Holy Scripture, and, like St. Paul, ranked by the Church with the Twelve, though not one of them.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02300a.htm

» Barnabas, The Epistle of
   Contains no clue to its author nor to those for whom it was intended.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02299a.htm

» Barnabites
   The popular name of a religious order which is canonically known by the title, given to it by Pope Paul III in 1535, of Regular Clerics of St. Paul.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02302a.htm

» Baroccio, Federigo
   Italian painter and engraver. (1528-1612)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02303a.htm

» Barocco Style
   A debased application to architecture of Renaissance features.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02303b.htm

» Baron, Bonaventura
   Irish Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and writer of Latin prose and verse. (1610-1696)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02303c.htm

» Baron, Vincent
   Dominican theologian and preacher. (1604-1674)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02304a.htm

» Baronius, Venerable Cesare
   Cardinal and ecclesiastical historian. (1538-1607)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02304b.htm

» Barquisimeto
   Diocese in Venezuela, South America.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307a.htm

» Barradas, Sebastião
   A Portuguese exegete and preacher, born at Lisbon in 1543; died at Coimbra in 1615.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307b.htm

» Barral, Louis-Mathias, Count de
   Archbishop of Tours, France, born 26 April, 1746, at Grenoble; died 7 June, 1816, at Paris.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307c.htm

» Barrande, Joachim
   French palæontologist. (1799-1883)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307d.htm

» Barrasa, Jacinto
   Born at Lima, Peru, early in the seventeenth century; died there, 22 Nov., 1704.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308a.htm

» Barre, Antoine-Lefebvre, Sieur de la
   Tenth French Governor-General of Canada, b. at Paris in 1622; d. in 1690.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308b.htm

» Barreira, Balthasar
   A Portuguese Jesuit missionary, born at Lisbon, 1531; died 1612.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308c.htm

» Barrientos, Lopez de
   Spanish Dominican bishop, patriot, and diplomat. (1382-1469)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308d.htm

» Barron, Edward
   Irish missionary. (1801-1854)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16007a.htm

» Barros, João de
   Historian, b. in Portugal, 1496; d. 20 October, 1570.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02309a.htm

» Barrow, John
   Priest, descended from a family of stanch Catholic yeomen. (1735-1811)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02309b.htm

» Barrow, William, Venerable
   An English Jesuit martyr, born in Lancashire, in 1609, died 30 June, 1679.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02309c.htm

» Barruel, Augustin
   Controversialist and publicist, born at Villeneuve de Berg (Ardeche); 2 October, 1741; died at Paris, 5 October, 1820.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02310a.htm

» Barry, John
   U.S. Navy Captain. (1745-1803)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02310b.htm

» Barry, Patrick
   Horticulturist. (1816-1890)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312a.htm

» Barry, Paul de
   A member of the Society of Jesus, born at Leucate in 1587; died at Avignon, 28 July, 1661.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312b.htm

» Barthel, Johann Caspar
   A German canonist. (1697-1771)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312c.htm

» Bartholi, Francesco della Rossa
   Friar Minor and chronicler, died c. 1372.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313a.htm

» Bartholomaeus Anglicus
   Thirteenth-century Franciscan encyclopedist.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313b.htm

» Bartholomew
   Also called Bartholomaeus Parvus (the Little), born at Bologna, year not known; died 15 August, 1333.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02314a.htm

» Bartholomew of Braga, Venerable
   Born at Verdela, near Lisbon, May, 1514; died at Viana, 16 July, 1590.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02314b.htm

» Bartholomew of Braganca
   Born about 1200; died 1 July, 1271.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02315a.htm

» Bartholomew of Brescia
   Italian canonist, b. probably in the second half of the twelfth century at Brescia; d. 1258.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02315b.htm

» Bartholomew of Edessa
   Syrian apologist and polemical writer.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02315c.htm

» Bartholomew of Lucca
   Historian, b. about 1227 at Lucca; d. about 1327.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02316a.htm

» Bartholomew of Pisa
   Friar Minor and chronicler.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02316b.htm

» Bartholomew of San Concordio
   Canonist, and man of letters, b. at San Concordia, near Pisa about 1260; d. at Pisa, 11 June, 1347.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02316c.htm

» Bartholomew, Saint
   Mentioned in the lists of apostles in the Synoptic Gospels and in Acts, thought to be identical with Nathaniel (mentioned only in the Gospel of John).
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313c.htm

» Bartholomites
   The name given to Armenian monks who sought refuge in Italy after the invasion of their country by the Sultan of Egypt in 1296.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02317a.htm

» Barthélemy, Jean-Jacques
   French numismatologist and writer, b. at Cassis (Provence), 1716; d. in Paris, 1795.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312d.htm

» Bartoli, Daniello
   Historian and littérateur, born at Ferrara, 12 February, 1608; died in Rome, 12 January, 1685.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02317b.htm

» Bartolocci, Giulio
   A Cistercian monk and learned Hebrew scholar, b. at Celleno in the old kingdom of Naples, 1 April, 1613; d. at Rome, 19 October, 1687.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02317c.htm

» Bartolommeo, Fra
   Italian Dominican painter (1475-1517)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02318a.htm

» Bartolozzi, Francesco
   An engraver, etcher, and painter, b. at Florence, 1727; d. at Lisbon, 1815.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02319a.htm

» Barton, Elizabeth
   Born probably in 1506; executed at Tyburn, 20 April, 1534; called the "Nun of Kent".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02319b.htm

» Baruch
   The disciple of Jeremiah, and the traditional author of the deuto-canonical book, which bears his name.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02319c.htm

» Barzynski, Vincent
   Polish-American priest (1838-1899)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16007b.htm

» Bas-relief
   A sculpture executed upon and attached to a flat surface.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02341a.htm

» Basil of Amasea
   Bishop and Martyr.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329d.htm

» Basil of Seleucia
   Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, date of birth uncertain; d., probably, between 458 and 460.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02330a.htm

» Basil the Great, Saint
   Biographical article on the Bishop of Caesarea, who is one of the Cappadocian Fathers, Doctor of the Church, and brother of St. Gregory of Nyssa.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02330b.htm

» Basil, Liturgy of Saint
   Several Oriental liturgies, or at least several anaphoras, have been attributed to the great St. Basil, Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia from 370 to 379.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02321a.htm

» Basil, Rule of Saint
   St. Basil drew up his Rule for the members of the monastery he founded about 356 on the banks of the Iris in Cappadocia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02322a.htm

» Basilians
   Priests of the Community of St. Basil.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02324a.htm

» Basilica
   The term can indicate either the architectural style of a church, or its canonical status.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02325a.htm

» Basilides
   Martyrs bearing this name are mentioned in the old martyrologies on three different days, namely, on 10, 12, and 28 June.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329a.htm

» Basilinopolis
   A titular see of Asia Minor.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329b.htm

» Basilissa
   Several saints of this name appear in martyrologies. Next to nothing is known about any of them except place of martyrdom, and sometimes the names of their spouses or companions in martyrdom.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329c.htm

» Basins, Ecclesiastical Use of
   Extensively used in the Jewish Ritual and were in early use in Christian churches for ablutions and to receive lamp-drippings.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02334a.htm

» Basle, Council of
   Convoked by Pope Martin V in 1431, closed at Lausanne in 1449.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02334b.htm

» Basle-Lugano
   Composed of the two Dioceses of Basle and Lugano which are united only by having a bishop in common.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02338a.htm

» Bassein
   The birthplace of St. Gonsalo Garcia, the only Indian saint, who was a companion of St. Philip de las Casas, the first native of America to be canonized.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02343a.htm

» Bassett, Joshua
   Convert and controversialist, Master of Sidney Sussex College, born about 1641, at Lynn Regis, where his father was a merchant; died in London, in 1720.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02344a.htm

» Bassi, Matthew of
   Founder of the Capuchins. (1495-1552)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02344b.htm

» Bassianus
   Bishop of Ephesus (444-448).
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02345a.htm

» Bastiat, Claude-Frédéric
   A French economist, b. at Mugron, a small city in the Department of Landes, 29 June, 1801; d. at Rome, 24 December, 1850.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02345b.htm

» Baston, Guillaume-André-Réné
   A French theologian, b. at Rouen, 29 November, 1741; d. at Saint-Laurent, 26 September, 1825.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02345c.htm

» Basutoland
   A mountainous district of South Africa, bounded on the north and west by the Orange River Colony, on the easy by Natal, and on the south by Cape Colony.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02346a.htm

» Batavia
   Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02346b.htm

» Bath Abbey
   The first religious house in Bath was a monastery of nuns founded by King Osric, A.D. 676.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02347a.htm

» Bath and Wells
   Ancient diocese coextensive with the county of Somerset, England.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02347b.htm

» Bathe, William
   Irishman, Jesuit, wrote educational books on music and language. He died in 1614.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02348a.htm

» Bathilde, Saint
   A runaway slave who became the wife of King Clovis II. Upon widowhood, she founded monasteries and proved herself a capable regent. She died in 680.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02348b.htm

» Bathurst
   Diocese situated in New South Wales, Australia, in the ecclesiastical Province of Sydney.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02349a.htm

» Battaglini, Marco
   A historian of the councils, b. at Rimini, Italy, 25 March, 1645; d. at Cesena, 19 September, 1717.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02349b.htm

» Batteux, Charles
   Abbé and writer on philosophy and aesthetics, b. near Vouziers, France, 6 May, 1713; d. at Paris, 14 July, 1780.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350a.htm

» Battista, Giovanni Giuda Giona
   Original name, Jehuda Jona Ben-Isaac.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350b.htm

» Battle Abbey
   Founded by William the Conqueror on the site of the Battle of Senlae or Hastings (1066).
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350c.htm

» Bauberger, Wilhelm
   German physician, novelist, and poet, b. at Thannhausen in Swabian Bavaria, 3 March, 1809; d. at the same place, 8 February, 1883.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350d.htm

» Baudeau, Nicolas
   Regular Canon and economist, b. at Amboise, France, 25 April, 1730; d. in 1792.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351a.htm

» Baudouin, Michel
   Italian missionary born 1692. Entered the Society of Jesus in France at the age of twenty-one, arrived in Louisiana in 1728.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351b.htm

» Baumgartner, Alexander
   Swiss poet and writer. (1841-1910)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16008b.htm

» Baumgartner, Gallus Jacob
   A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351c.htm

» Baunard, Louis
   Educator, b. at Bellgarde (Loiret), France, in 1828.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02352a.htm

» Bauny, Etienne
   Theologian, b. in 1564 at Mouzon, Ardennes, France; d. 3 December, 1649, at Saint Pol de Léon.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02352b.htm

» Bausset, Louis-François de
   A French cardinal, writers, and statesman. (1748-1824)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02352c.htm

» Bautain, Louis-Eugène-Marie
   Philosopher and theologian. (1796-1867)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02353a.htm

» Bautista, Fray Juan
   Franciscan, who taught theology and metaphysics at the convent of St. Francis of Mexico.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02353b.htm

» Bavaria, The Kingdom of
   Named after the German tribe called Boiarii.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02353c.htm

» Bawden, William
   An English Jesuit, born at Cornwall, 1563; died at St.-Omer, 28 September, 1632.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02357a.htm

» Bayer, Adèle
   Eldest daughter of Andrew Parmentier, b. in Belgium, 4 July, 1814, and d. in Brooklyn, New York, 22 January, 1892.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02357b.htm

» Bayeu y Subias, Francisco
   Born at Saragossa, 9 March, 1734; died Madrid, 4 August, 1795, a distinguished religious and historical painter.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02358a.htm

» Bayeux
   Coextensive with the Department of Calvados, is suffragan to the Archbishopric of Rouen.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02358b.htm

» Bayley, James Roosevelt
   First Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.; eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland. (1814-1877)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02359a.htm

» Bayma, Joseph
   Jesuit mathematician and scientist. (1816-1892)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02360a.htm

» Bayonne
   Diocese comprising the Department of Basses-Pyrenees.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02360b.htm

» Baysio, Guido de
   An Italian canonist, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; d. at Avignon, 10 August, 1313.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361a.htm

» Bazin, John Stephen
   Third Bishop of Vincennes (now the Diocese of Indianapolis). (1796-1848)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361b.htm

» Bañez, Domingo
   Detailed article on the Spanish Dominican theologian.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02247a.htm

» Beads, Use of, at Prayers
   Essay on chaplets, rosaries, prayer ropes, prayer cords. Brief treatment of the use of beads in prayer by non-Christians.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361c.htm

» Beards
   Among the Jews, as among most Oriental peoples, the beard was especially cherished as a symbol of virility; to cut off another man's beard was an outrage.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02362a.htm

» Beardsley, Aubrey
   Biography of the daring English illustrator.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02363a.htm

» Beatific Vision
   The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364a.htm

» Beatification and Canonization
   According to some writers the origin in the Catholic Church is to be traced back to the ancient pagan apotheosis.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364b.htm

» Beatitudes, Mount of
   Name given to the place where the "Sermon on the Mount", was delivered.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02369a.htm

» Beatitudes, The Eight
   The solemn blessings which mark the opening of the Sermon on the Mount.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02371a.htm

» Beaton, David
   Cardinal, Archbishop of St. Andrews, b. 1494; d. 29 May, 1546.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02372a.htm

» Beaton, James
   Archbishop of Glasgow. (1517-1603)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02374b.htm

» Beatrix
   Brief biographies of seven saints or beatae named Beatrix or Beatrice. One of them, Beatrix da Silva, has since been canonized.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02375a.htm

» Beaufort, Lady Margaret
   Countess of Richmond and Derby, b. 1441; d. 1509, daughter and heiress of John Beaufort, first Duke of Somerset.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02376a.htm

» Beaulieu Abbey
   A Cistercian house in Hampshire, one of the three monasteries founded by King John (c. 1204) and peopled by thirty monks from Cîteaux.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02376b.htm

» Beaune, Renaud de
   A French Bishop, b. in 1527, at Tours; d. 1606 in Paris.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02376c.htm

» Beauregard, Jean-Nicolas
   French pulpit orator. (1733-1794)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377a.htm

» Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant
   Soldier, b. near New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., 28 May, 1818; d. there 20 February, 1893.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377b.htm

» Beauvais
   A suffragan diocese of the archiepiscopal See of Reims.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377c.htm

» Beauvais, Gilles-François-de
   Jesuit writer and preacher, born at Mans, France, 7 July, 1693; died probably at Paris about 1773.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02378a.htm

» Beauvais, Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Marie de
   A French bishop, b. at Cherbourg, 17 October, 1731; d. at Paris, 4 April, 1790.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02378b.htm

» Bebian, Roch-Amboise-Auguste
   Sent to France, committed to the care of his godfather, the Abbé Sicard, the well-known educator of the deaf and dumb.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02379a.htm

» Bec, Abbey of
   The Benedictine Abbey of Bec, or Le Bec, in Normandy, was founded in the earlier part of the eleventh century by Herluin, a Norman knight who about 1031 left the court of Count Gilbert of Brionne to devote himself to a life of religion.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02379b.htm

» Becan, Martin
   Controversialist, born at Hilvarenbeck, Brabant, Holland, 6 January, 1563; died at Vienna, 24 January, 1624.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02380a.htm

» Beccaria, Giovanni Battista
   Physicist. (1716-1781)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16009a.htm

» Beccus, John
   Patriarch of Constantinople in the second half of the thirteenth century, one of the few Greek ecclesiastics who were sincerely in favour of reunion with the Church of Rome.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02380b.htm

» Beckedorff, George Philipp Ludolf von
   Studied theology at Jena, then medicine at Göttingen, obtained the degree of doctor in 1799.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02381b.htm

» Becker, Thomas Andrew
   Sixth Bishop of Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02382a.htm

» Beckx, Pierre-Jean
   Twenty-second General of the Society of Jesus, born at Sichem, Belgium, 8 February, 1795; died at Rome, 4 March, 1887.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02382b.htm

» Becquerel, Antoine-César
   French physicist, b. at Chatillon-sur-Loing (Loiret), 7 March, 1788; d. at Paris, 18 January, 1878.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02382c.htm

» Bedard, Pierre
   French-Canadian lawyer and member of the Assembly of Lower Canada, b. at Charlesbourg near Quebec, 13 November, 1762; d. at Three Rivers, 26 April 1829.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02383a.htm

» Bede
   The old English word bede (Anglo-Saxon bed) means a prayer, though the derivative form, gebed, was more common in this sense in Anglo-Saxon literature.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02383b.htm

» Bede, The Venerable
   Benedictine monk, priest, historian, Doctor of the Church, d. 735.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02384a.htm

» Bedford, Gunning S.
   Medical writer and teacher. (1806-1870)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386a.htm

» Bedford, Henry
   Writer and educator. (1816-1903)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386b.htm

» Bedingfeld, Frances
   Superioress of the English Institute of Mary. (1616-1704)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386c.htm

» Bedingfeld, Henry, Sir
   Knight; b. 1509; d. 1583.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386d.htm

» Bedini, Cajetan
   Italian Cardinal and diplomat. (1806-1864)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02387a.htm

» Bedlam
   A London hospital originally intended for the poor suffering from any ailment and for such as might have no other lodging, hence its name, Bethlehem, in Hebrew, the "house of bread."
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02387b.htm

» Beelen, Ian Theodor
   Exegete and Orientalist. (1807-1884)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388a.htm

» Beelphegor
   The Moabite divinity who ruled over Phogor.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388b.htm

» Beelzebub
   Provides an Old and a New Testament definition.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388c.htm

» Begnudelli-Basso, Francesco Antonio
   A canonist who lived at the end of the seventeenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02389b.htm

» Beguines & Beghards
   As early as the commencement of the twelfth century there were women in the Netherlands who lived alone, and without taking vows devoted themselves to prayer and good works.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02389c.htm

» Behaim, Albert von
   Known also as Albertus Bohemus.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02391a.htm

» Behaim, Martin
   A German cartographer and navigator. (1459-1507)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02391b.htm

» Beirut
   In Phoenicia, a titular Latin see, and the residential see of several prelates of Oriental rites.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02392a.htm

» Beja
   Diocese in Portugal, suffragan of Evora.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02393a.htm

» Belasyse, John
   Born about 1614; died 1689, a loyal Catholic English nobleman, second son of Thomas first Lord Fauconberg. His mother was Barbara, daughter of Sir Henry Cholmondeley of Roxby, Yorkshire.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394a.htm

» Belchiam, Venerable Thomas
   A Franciscan martyr in the reign of Henry VIII, date of birth uncertain; d. 3 August 1537.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394b.htm

» Belem do Pará, Archdiocese of
   In South America, formerly (after 4 March, 1719) a suffragan diocese of Bahia (San Salvador), but raised to metropolitan rank 3 May, 1906.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394c.htm

» Belfry
   The upper part of the tower or steeple of a church, for the reception of the bells; or a detached tower containing bells, as the campanile of the Italians.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394d.htm

» Belgium
   Information on the history, education, and cemeteries of the country.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02395a.htm

» Belgrade and Smederevo
   Titular (united) sees of Servia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02407a.htm

» Belgrado, Giacopo
   Italian Jesuit and natural philosopher. (1704-1789)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02407b.htm

» Belial
   Found frequently as a personal name in the Vulgate and various English translations of the Bible, is commonly used as a synonym of Satan, or the personification of evil.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02408a.htm

» Belief
   That state of the mind by which it assents to propositions, not by reason of their intrinsic evidence, but because of authority.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02408b.htm

» Belin, Albert (Jean)
   French prelate and writer, b. in Besançon early in the seventeenth century; d. 29 April, 1677.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02410a.htm

» Bell, Arthur, Venerable
   Friar Minor and English martyr. (1590-1643)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02410b.htm

» Bellamy, Jerome
   A sympathizer with Mary Queen of Scots.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02411b.htm

» Bellarini, John
   Barnabite theologian, b. at Castelnuovo, Italy, in 1552; d. at Milan, 27 August, 1630.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02411c.htm

» Bellasius, Edward
   Serjeant-at-Law, b. 14 October, 1800; d. 24 January, 1873.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02413a.htm

» Bellecius, Aloysius
   Jesuit ascetic author, born at Freiburg im Breisgau, 15 February, 1704; died at Augsburg, 27 April, 1757.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02414a.htm

» Bellenden, John
   A Scotch poet, b. at Haddington or Berwick in the latter part of the fifteenth century; d. at Rome, c. 1587.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02414b.htm

» Belleville
   Diocese comprising part of southern Illinois.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02414c.htm

» Belley
   Coextensive with the civil department of Ain and a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Besançon.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02415a.htm

» Bellings, Sir Richard
   Irish historian, b. near Dublin early in the seventeenth century; d. in 1677.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02416a.htm

» Bellini
   Giacomo (Jacopo) Bellini, father of Gentile and Giovanni Bellini. Teacher of his sons who were the chief founders of the Venetian school of painting.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02416b.htm

» Belloy, Jean-Baptiste de
   Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris. (1709-1808)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02418a.htm

» Bells
   Article covers origin, benediction, uses, archaeology and inscriptions, and points of law.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02418b.htm

» Belluno-Feltre
   Anciently called Bellunum, the metropolis of the province of that name in Venetia, Italy, is situated on a hill between the torrent of Ardo and the River Piave.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02424a.htm

» Belmont, François Vachon de
   Fifth superior of the Sulpicians at Montreal, b. at Grenoble, France, 1645; d. 1732.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425a.htm

» Belsunce de Castelmoron, Henri François Xavier de
   Bishop of Marseilles. (1671-1755)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425c.htm

» Belzoni, Giambattista
   An Egyptian explorer, b. at Padua, Italy, in 1778. d. Gato, Africa, 3 Dec., 1823.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425d.htm

» Bembo, Pietro
   Italian scholar and Cardinal, b. of a noble family at Venice, 20 May, 1470; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1547.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425e.htm

» Benadir
   Prefecture Apostolic in Africa.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02426a.htm

» Benard, Laurent
   Chief founder of the Maurist Congregation of the Benedictine Order, b. at Nevers, 1573; d. at Paris, 1620.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02426b.htm

» Benavides, Fray Alonzo
   Archbishop of Goa in the Portuguese Indies.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427a.htm

» Benda
   A titular see of Albania.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427b.htm

» Benedict Biscop, Saint
   Anglo-Saxon, monastic founder, d. 690.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02441b.htm

» Benedict I, Pope
   A Roman and the son of Boniface, and was called Bonosus by the Greeks.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427c.htm

» Benedict II, Pope Saint
   A Roman, he was pope for a little less than eleven months, and died in 685. Account of his pontificate.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427d.htm

» Benedict III, Pope
   Date of birth unknown; d. 17 April, 858.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427e.htm

» Benedict IV, Pope
   A Roman and the son of Mammalus, became pope in the first half of 900.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428a.htm

» Benedict IX, Pope
   The nephew of his two immediate predecessors.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429a.htm

» Benedict Joseph Labre, Saint
   Frenchman, longed to be a monk but spent the last thirteen years of his life as a pilgrim. He died in 1783.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02442a.htm

» Benedict Levita
   Benedict Levita (of Mainz), or Benedict the Deacon, is the name given to himself by the author of a forged collection of capitularies which appeared in the ninth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02466a.htm

» Benedict V, Pope
   Date of birth unknown; died 4 July, 965.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428b.htm

» Benedict VI, Pope
   Benedict, Cardinal-Deacon of St. Theodore, a Roman and the son of Hildebrand, was elected as the successor of John XIII.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428c.htm

» Benedict VII, Pope
   Date of birth unknown; d. c. October, 983.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428d.htm

» Benedict VIII, Pope
   The first of the Tusculan popes. Date of birth unknown; d. 9 April, 1024.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428e.htm

» Benedict X
   The bearer of this name was an antipope in the days of Nicholas II, 1056-61.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429b.htm

» Benedict XI, Pope Blessed
   Elected unanimously, author of Scriptural commentaries, d. 1304.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429c.htm

» Benedict XII, Pope
   Third of the Avignon popes. (1334-1342)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02430a.htm

» Benedict XIII, Pope
   Reigned 1724-1730.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02431a.htm

» Benedict XIV, Pope
   Reigned 1740-58.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02432a.htm

» Benedict of Aniane, Saint
   St. Benedict was a Goth, served in the Frankish court, then became a Benedictine monk. His monastery of Aniane was the model for monastic reform in France and the Empire. He died in 821.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02467a.htm

» Benedict of Nursia, Saint
   Long article on the founder of Western monasticism, and on his Rule.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02467b.htm

» Benedict of Peterborough
   Abbot and writer, place and date of birth unknown; d. 1193.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02472a.htm

» Benedict of San Philadelphio, Saint
   Also known as Benedict the Moor. Born in Italy to Christian slaves from Ethiopia, St. Benedict joined an association of hermits, and when that was dissolved, became a Franciscan Recollect.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02472b.htm

» Benedict, Rule of Saint
   Lengthy article on the text of the Rule and its composition, some analysis, and practical application.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02436a.htm

» Benedictbeurn, Abbey of
   Tradition, as well as manuscripts dating as far back as the tenth century, ascribe its foundation in the year 740, to three brothers of noble birth, named Lanfrid, Wulfram, and Eliland, acting under the influence of St. Boniface, who was then preaching th
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02441a.htm

» Benedicti, Jean
   A Franciscan theologian of the sixteenth century belonging to the Observantine Province of Tours and Poitiers.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02441c.htm

» Benedictine Order
   Comprises monks living under the Rule of St. Benedict, and commonly known as "black monks".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02443a.htm

» Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
   Description of the basics of this popular devotion. Benediction is unusual in that it is a devotional practice partly governed by liturgical law.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02465b.htm

» Benedictional
   A book containing a collection of benedictions or blessings in use in the Church.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02465a.htm

» Benedictus Polonus
   A medieval Friar Minor missionary and traveller. (c. 1245)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02473b.htm

» Benedictus, The (Canticle of Zachary)
   One of the three great canticles in the opening chapters of this Gospel, the other two being the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02473a.htm

» Benefice
   Popularly the term is often understood to denote either certain property destined for the support of ministers of religion, or a spiritual office or function, such as the care of souls.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02473c.htm

» Benefit of Clergy
   The exemption from the jurisdiction of the secular courts, which in England, in the Middle Ages, was accorded to clergymen.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02476a.htm

» Benettis, Jeremiah
   Friar Minor Capuchin and historical writer, d. in 1774.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02477a.htm

» Benevento, Archdiocese of
   The principal city of the province of the same name in Campania.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02477b.htm

» Bengtsson, Jöns Oxenstjerna
   Archbishop of Upsala, Sweden, b. 1417; d. in 1467.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02478a.htm

» Bengy, Anatole de
   A martyr of the French Commune. (1824-1871)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02479a.htm

» Benignus of Dijon, Saint
   Third-century martyr.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02479c.htm

» Benignus, Saint
   Known as "Patrick's psalm-singer," Irish missionary, musician, bishop, legislator, d. 467.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02479b.htm

» Benin
   Vicariate Apostolic on the coast of Benin.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02480a.htm

» Benjamin
   The youngest son of Jacob born of Rachel.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02480b.htm

» Benkert, Franz Georg
   German theologian and historical writer. (1790-1859)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02481a.htm

» Benno II
   Bishop of Osnabrück.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02481c.htm

» Benoît, Michel
   Born at Autun (or Dijon), France, 8 October, 1715; died at Peking, 23 October, 1774, a Jesuit scientist, for thirty years in the service of Kien Lung, Emperor of China.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02482a.htm

» Benthamism
   Article on Jeremy Bentham, English jurist and reformer. Features biographical information and a short bibliography.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02482b.htm

» Bentivoglio, Family of
   Originally from the castle of that name in the neighbourhood of Bologna, Italy. They claimed descent from Enzio (c. 1224-72), King of Sardinia, a natural son of Frederick II.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02483a.htm

» Bentley, John Francis
   English architect. (1839-1902)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02483b.htm

» Bentney, William
   An English Jesuit priest born in Cheshire, 1609; died 30 October, 1692.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02484a.htm

» Benziger, Joseph Charles
   Founder of the Catholic publishing house that bears his name. (1762-1841)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02484b.htm

» Benzoni, Girolamo
   Writer, born at Milan about 1519.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02484c.htm

» Berach, Saint
   A disciple of St. Kevin. Abbot of Cluain Coirpthe, now called Kilbarry or Termonbarry in the saint's honor. St. Berach died in 595.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02485a.htm

» Berard of Carbio, Saint
   Franciscan martyr, d. 1220.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02485b.htm

» Berardi, Carbo Sebastiano
   Canonist. (1719-1768)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02485c.htm

» Berault-Bercastel, Antoine Henri de
   A writer of church history, b. 22 November, 1720, at Briey, Lorraine; d. about 1794 at Noyon, France.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486a.htm

» Bercharius, Saint
   Abbot of Hautvillers, founder, stabbed to death by one of his monks in 696.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486b.htm

» Bercheure, Pierre
   French Benedictine. (1290-1362)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486c.htm

» Berchtold, Blessed
   Abbot of the Benedictine Monastery of Engelberg in Switzerland, died 1197.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486d.htm

» Berengarius of Tours
   Born at Tours about 999; died on the island of St. Cosme, near that city, in 1088.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02487a.htm

» Berenger, Pierre
   A French writer who flourished about the middle of the twelfth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02489a.htm

» Berenice
   A titular see of Egypt which was situated at the end of Major Syrtis where Bengazi stands today.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02489b.htm

» Bergamo
   The city, called by the ancients Bergonum, is capital of the province of that name in Lombardy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02489c.htm

» Bergen, Ancient See of
   The diocese included the Provinces of Nordre and Sondre Bergenhus, and the district of Sondmor in the Province of Romsdal.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16009b.htm

» Bergier, Nicolas-Sylvestre
   French theologian. (1715-1790)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02490a.htm

» Berington, Charles
   Titular Bishop of Hiero-Caesarea, b. at Stock, Essex, England, 1748; d. 8 June, 1798.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02490b.htm

» Berington, Joseph
   Catholic writer. (1743-1827)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02491a.htm

» Berisford, Humphrey
   Confessor c. 1588.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02491b.htm

» Berissa
   A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, in Asia Minor.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02491c.htm

» Beristain y Martin de Souza, José Mariano
   Mexican bibliographer, b. in Puebla, Mexico, 22 May, 1756; d. at Mexico, 23 March, 1817.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02492a.htm

» Berlage, Anton
   Dogmatic theologian. (1805-1881)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02492b.htm

» Berland, Pierre
   Archbishop of Bordeaux. (1375-1457)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02492c.htm

» Berlanga, Fray Tomás de
   Bishop of Panama, b. at Berlanga in Spain, date uncertain; d. there 8 August, 1551.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02493a.htm

» Berlin
   Capital of the German Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02493b.htm

» Berlioz, Hector
   French composer. (1803-1869)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02495a.htm

» Bernal, Agostino
   Spanish theologian. (1587-1642)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02495b.htm

» Bernard Guidonis
   Bishop and Inquisitor. (1261-1331)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02497b.htm

» Bernard Tolomeo, Saint
   Italian hermit, monastic founder, d. 1348.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02504b.htm

» Bernard of Besse
   Friar Minor and chronicler, a native of Aquitaine, date of birth uncertain.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498a.htm

» Bernard of Bologna
   Friar Minor Capuchin and Scotist theologian, born at Bologna, 17 December, 1701; died 19 February, 1768.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498b.htm

» Bernard of Botone
   Generally called Parmensis from his birthplace, Parma in Italy, a noted canonist of the thirteenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498c.htm

» Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint
   Article on the life and works of this twelfth-century Cistercian and Doctor of the Church.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498d.htm

» Bernard of Cluny
   A Benedictine monk of the first half of the twelfth century, poet, satirist, and hymn-writer, author of "On the Contempt of the World".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02501a.htm

» Bernard of Compostella
   A canonist of the early thirteenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02502a.htm

» Bernard of Luxemburg
   Dominican theologian, controversialist, and Inquisitor. (d. 1535)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02503a.htm

» Bernard of Menthon, Saint
   Archdeacon of Aosta, preacher, founder of two hospices for travelers in dangerous Alpine passes (now named the Great St. Bernard and Little St. Bernard, after him), d. 1008.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02503b.htm

» Bernard of Pavia
   Canonist and bishop. (d. 1213)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02504a.htm

» Bernard, Alexis-Xyste
   Bishop of St. Hyacinth.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496b.htm

» Bernard, Claude
   French ecclesiastic. (1588-1641)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496c.htm

» Bernard, Saint
   Soldier, monk, abbot, Archbishop of Vienne, d. 842.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496a.htm

» Bernardine of Feltre, Blessed
   Italian Franciscan missionary, died 1494. Of little note as an author. Best remembered for his monti di pietà, a type of charitable lender similar to pawnbrokers.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02504c.htm

» Bernardine of Fossa, Blessed
   Italian Franciscan, missionary, historian, biographer, d. 1503.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02505a.htm

» Bernardine of Siena, Saint
   Biography of the Franciscan missionary, reformer, popular preacher, peacemaker, called "the Apostle of Italy," who died in 1380.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02505b.htm

» Bernardines, The
   Title of certain sisters of the order of Cîteaux who at the end of the sixteenth and in the seventeenth century, made energetic efforts to restore the primitive observance of their rule.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02507a.htm

» Berne
   Article provides religious and historic information.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02507b.htm

» Berni, Francesco
   An Italian comic poet, b. at Lamporecchio (Florence) 1497 or 1498; d. at Florence, 26 May, 1535.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02509a.htm

» Bernier, Etienne-Alexandre
   French Bishop. (1762-1806)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02509b.htm

» Bernini, Domenico
   Son of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02510a.htm

» Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo
   Italian architect and sculptor. (1598-1680)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02510b.htm

» Bernini, Giuseppe Maria
   A Capuchin missionary and Orientalist, b. near Carignan in Piedmont; d. in Hindustan in 1753.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02511a.htm

» Bernis, François-Joachim-Pierre de
   A French cardinal and statesman, b. 1715 at Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche; d. at Rome, 1794.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02511b.htm

» Berno
   Apostle of the Obotrites, in the latter half of the twelfth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02512b.htm

» Berno (Abbot of Reichenau)
   Famous as orator, poet, philosopher, and musician, born (date unknown) at Prum near Trier; d. 7 June, 1048.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02512a.htm

» Bernold of Constance
   Historian and theologian, b. in Swabia about 1054; d. at Schaffhausen, 16 September, 1100.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02512c.htm

» Bernward, Saint
   Bishop of Hildesheim, d. 1022.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02513a.htm

» Beroea
   A titular see of Macedonia, at the foot of Mount Bermios.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02513b.htm

» Berosus
   The name of a native historian of Babylonia and a priest of the great god Bel (Bel-Marduk).
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02514a.htm

» Beroth
   A city in Chanaan, one of the confederation of cities under the headship of Gabaon.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02515a.htm

» Berrettini, Pietro
   Italian painter, architect, and writer, b. at Cortona, in Tuscany, 1 November, 1596; d. at Rome, 16 May, 1669.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02516a.htm

» Berruguete, Alonso
   For his mastery of the arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture, sometimes called the Spanish Michelangelo, b. at Paredes de Nava, in Castile, about 1480; d. at Toledo, 1561.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02516b.htm

» Berruyer, Isaac-Joseph
   Entered the Society of Jesus in 1697. Wrote "A History of the People of God," published in three parts.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02516c.htm

» Berryer, Pierre-Antoine
   French advocate, orator, and statesman. (1790-1868)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02517a.htm

» Bersabee
   A town on the southern extremity of Palestine.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02518a.htm

» Bertha
   Brief biographies of five holy women of this name: two saints; two beatae; and one Bertha who is commonly called a saint but there is no evidence of a cultus surrounding her.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519a.htm

» Berthier, Guillaume-François
   A Jesuit professor and writer, born at Issoudun, 1704; died at Bourges, 1782.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519b.htm

» Berthold
   Bishop, Apostle of the Livonians, killed 24 July, 1198, in a crusade against the pagan Livonians who threatened destruction to all Christians that lived in their territory.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519c.htm

» Berthold of Chiemsee
   German bishop and theological writer. (1465-1543)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02520a.htm

» Berthold of Henneberg
   Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, b. 1441; d. 21 December, 1504.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02520b.htm

» Berthold of Ratisbon
   Franciscan of the monastery of that city and the most powerful preacher of repentance in the thirteenth century, b. about 1210; d. at Ratisbon, 14 December, 1272.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02521a.htm

» Berthold of Reichenau
   Benedictine monk and chronicler of the Abbey of Reichenau on the Lake of Constance; d. probably in 1088.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02521b.htm

» Berti, Giovanni Lorenzo
   Italian theologian, b. 28 May, 1696, at Sarravezza, Tuscany; d. 26 March, 1766, at Pisa.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02522a.htm

» Bertin, Saint
   Monk living under the Rule of St. Columban, missionary to the Morini, monastic founder, abbot of St. Omer, d. about 709.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02522b.htm

» Bertinoro
   Anciently called Forum Truentinorum, and, at the time of the Gothic war, Petra Honorii, whence the present name, is a small city in Romagna, province of Forli, Italy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02522c.htm

» Bertonio, Ludovico
   Italian missionary. (1552-1625)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02523a.htm

» Bertrand, Pierre
   Article covers a French Cardinal, theologian, and canonist, b. 1280 at Annonay in Vivarais, and a French cardinal, nephew of the foregoing, whose name he adopted, b. in 1279, at Colombier in Vivarais.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02523b.htm

» Bertulf, Saint
   Converted to Christianity from paganism, entered the monastery of Luxeuil under the Rule of St. Columban, became abbot of Bobbio, was staunchly anti-Arian, d. 639 or 640.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02524a.htm

» Berulle, Pierre de
   Cardinal, and founder of the French congregation of the Oratory. (1575-1629)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02524b.htm

» Bervanger, Martin de
   A French priest, founder of charitable institutions. (1795-1865)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02525a.htm

» Besange, Jerome Lamy, O.S.B
   Born at Linz, 1726; died 1781.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526a.htm

» Besançon
   Archdiocese coextensive with the departments of Doubs, Haute-Saône, and the district of Belfort.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02525b.htm

» Beschefer, Theodore
   Jesuit missionary in Canada. (1630-1711)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526b.htm

» Beschi, Costanzo Giuseppe
   Though primarily a missionary, better know as one of the classical writers of Tamil literature. (1680-1746)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526c.htm

» Beseleel
   Describes two people known by this name.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526d.htm

» Besoigne, Jérôme
   A Jansenist writer, b. at Paris, 1686; d. 1763.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526e.htm

» Besoldus, Christopher
   A German jurist and publicist. (1577-1638)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02527a.htm

» Bessarion, Johannes
   Article on this 15th-century Byzantine scholar, by U. Benigni.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02527b.htm

» Bessel, Johann Franz
   Benedictine, abbot, and historian. (1672-1749)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02528a.htm

» Beste, Henry Digby
   Miscellaneous author. (1768-1836)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02529a.htm

» Bestiaries
   Medieval books on animals, in which the real or fabulous characteristics of actually existent or imaginary animals (such as the griffin, dragon, siren, unicorn, etc.) were figuratively treated as religious symbols of Christ, the devil, the virtues and vic
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02529b.htm

» Betanzos, Fray Domingo
   A Dominican missionary, d. at Valladolid, Sept., 1549.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02530a.htm

» Betanzos, Fray Pedro de
   A Franciscan missionary, b. at Betanzos in Galicia; d. at Chomez, Nicaragua, 1570.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02530b.htm

» Betanzos, Juan de
   Composed the first catechism known in the Quichua language.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02530c.htm

» Bethany
   A village of Palestine.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02531a.htm

» Bethany Beyond the Jordan
   In the text of St. John's Gospel, i, 28, the author locates the event of Our Lord's baptism by St. John the Baptist at Bethany across the Jordan and there is herein a celebrated variant.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532a.htm

» Betharan
   A city of the Amorrhites in the valley-plain east of the Jordan.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532b.htm

» Bethdagon
   Name of two cities in Palestine.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532c.htm

» Bethel
   An ancient Cansanitish town.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532d.htm

» Bethlehem
   An architectural term used in the Ethiopic Church for the oven or bakehouse for baking the Korban or Eucharistic bread.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02534a.htm

» Bethlehemites
   Military and hospitaller orders.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02534b.htm

» Bethsaida
   Details the city, pool, and titular see of this name.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02536a.htm

» Bethsan
   A city within Issachar, but assigned to Manasses, later Scythopolis, now the village Beisan.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02537a.htm

» Bethulia
   The city whose deliverance by Judith, when besieged by Holofernes, forms the subject of the Book of Judith.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02537b.htm

» Betrothal
   In the Catholic Church, a deliberate and free, mutual, true promise, externally expressed, of future marriage between determinate and fit persons.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02537c.htm

» Bettiah
   Prefecture Apostolic in northern India.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02538a.htm

» Betting
   Defined as the backing of an affirmation or forecast by offering to forfeit, in case of an adverse issue, a sum of money or article of value to one who, by accepting, maintains the opposite and backs his opinion by a corresponding stipulation.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02539a.htm

» Beugnot, Auguste-Arthur, Count
   French historian and statesman. (1797-1865)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02539b.htm

» Beuno, Saint
   Welsh, said to have been educated at Bangor and, after ordination, to have become a missionary. Abbot of Clynnog, and uncle of St. Winifred. Died perhaps in 660.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540a.htm

» Beverley Minster
   A collegiate church at Beverley, capital of the East Riding of Yorkshire, served by a chapter of secular canons until the Reformation.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540b.htm

» Beyerlinck, Lawrence
   Belgian theologian and ecclesiastical writer. (1578-1627)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540c.htm

» Bianchi, Giovanni Antonio
   Friar Minor and theologian. (1686-1768)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540d.htm

» Bianchini, Francesco
   A student of the natural sciences, and historian. (1662-1729)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541a.htm

» Bianchini, Giuseppe
   Italian Oratorian, Biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar. (1704-1764)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541b.htm

» Bianconi, Charles
   Merchant and philanthropist. (1785-1875)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541c.htm

» Biard, Pierre
   Jesuit missionary, born at Grenoble, France, 1576; died at Avignon, 17 November, 1622.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541d.htm

» Bibbiena
   Bernardo Dovizi, an Italian Cardinal and comedy-writer, known best by the name of the town Bibbiena, where he was born 4 Aug., 1470; d. at Rome, 9 Nov., 1520.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02542a.htm

» Bibiana, Saint
   Female Roman martyr, d. 483 at the latest. Also called Vibiana.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02542b.htm

» Bible Societies
   Established for the purpose of publishing and propagating the Bible in all parts of the world.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02544a.htm

» Bible, The
   A collection of writings recognized as inspired.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02543a.htm

» Bibles, Picture
   In the Middle Ages the Church made use of pictures as a means of instruction, to supplement the knowledge acquired by reading or oral teaching.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02546a.htm

» Biblia Pauperum
   A collection of pictures representing scenes from Jesus' life with the corresponding prophetic types.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02547a.htm

» Biblical Antiquities
   Details domestic, political, and sacred antiquities.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02548a.htm

» Biblical Commission, The
   A committee of cardinals at Rome who, with the assistance of consultors, have to secure the observance of the prescriptions contained in the Encyclical "Providentissimus Deus" for the proper interpretation and defence of Sacred Scripture.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02557a.htm

» Bickell, Gustav
   Orientalist. (1838-1906)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16010a.htm

» Bicknor, Alexander
   Archbishop of Dublin, date of birth unknown; d. 1349.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02558b.htm

» Bidermann, James
   Poet and theologian. (1578-1639)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02558c.htm

» Biel, Gabriel
   Lengthy article on the last of the Scholastics. Biel, the first professor of theology at Tübingen, was a nominalist. He died in 1495.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02559a.htm

» Biella
   The city of Biella, the see of the diocese of that name, is an important industrial centre (anciently called Bugelia) of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Novara.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02559b.htm

» Bielski, Marcin
   Polish chronicler. (1495-1575)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02560a.htm

» Bienville, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de
   French Governor of Louisiana and founder of New Orleans. (1680-1767)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02560b.htm

» Bigamy (in Canon Law)
   Canonically viewed, bigamy denotes (a) the condition of a man married to two real or interpretative wives in succession, and as a consequence (b) his unfitness to receive, or exercise after reception, tonsure, minor and sacred orders.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02561a.htm

» Bigamy (in Civil Law)
   In civil jurisprudence, and especially in criminal law, is a "formal entering into of a marriage while a former one remains un-dissolved".
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02564a.htm

» Bigne, Marguerin de la
   French theologian and patrologist, b. about 1546 at Bernières-le-Patry, Normandy; d. about 1595.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02566a.htm

» Billick, Eberhard
   German theologian, opponent of the Reformation, born 1499 or 1500 at Cologne; died there 12 January, 1557.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02566b.htm

» Billy, Jacques de
   French patristic scholar, theologian, jurist, linguist, and a Benedictine abbot. (1535-1581)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02567b.htm

» Bilocation
   Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02568a.htm

» Bination
   The offering up of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass twice on the same day by the same celebrant.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02568b.htm

» Biner, Joseph
   Canonist, historian, and theologian. (1697-1766)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02569a.htm

» Binet, Etienne
   Jesuit author, born at Dijon, France, 1569; died at Paris, 1639.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02569b.htm

» Binet, Jacques-Philippe-Marie
   French mathematician and astronomer. (1786-1856)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02570a.htm

» Binius, Severin
   Historian and critic. (1573-1641)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02570b.htm

» Binterim, Anton Joseph
   A theologian of repute and for fifty years parish priest of Bilk. (1779-1855)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02570c.htm

» Biogenesis and Abiogenesis
   According to their Greek derivation these two terms refer to the origin of life.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02571a.htm

» Biology
   The science on life and living organisms.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02572a.htm

» Biondo, Flavio
   Italian archæologist and historian. (1388-1463)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02575a.htm

» Biot, Jean-Baptiste
   Physicist and mathematician. (1774-1862)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02576a.htm

» Birds (in Symbolism)
   The dove, eagle, pelican, phoenix, and peacock are included.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02576b.htm

» Biretta
   A square cap with three ridges or peaks on its upper surface, worn by clerics of all grades from cardinals downwards.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02577a.htm

» Birinus (Berin), Saint
   Confessor, first Bishop of Dorchester, Apostle of Wessex, d. 650.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02578a.htm

» Birkowski, Fabian
   Polish preacher, b. at Lemberg, 1566; d. at Cracow, 1636.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02578b.htm

» Birmingham
   One of the thirteen dioceses erected by the Apostolic Letter of Pius IX, 27 September, 1850, which restored a hierarchy to the Catholic church in England.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02578c.htm

» Birnbaum, Heinrich
   Carthusian monk, b. in 1403; d. 19 February, 1473.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02579a.htm

» Birth, The Defect of
   Illegitimacy, a canonical impediment to ordination.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02579b.htm

» Birtha
   A titular see of Osrhaene.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02580a.htm

» Bisarchio, Diocese of
   Situated in Sardinia, in the province of Sassari, district of Nuoro, and suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sassari.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581a.htm

» Bishop
   The title of an ecclesiastical dignitary who possesses the fullness of the priesthood to rule a diocese as its chief pastor, in due submission to the primacy of the pope.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581b.htm

» Bishop, William
   The first superior in England in episcopal orders since the old hierarchy died out in the reign of Elizabeth, born c. 1553 at Brailes in Warwickshire, where his family continued to reside until recent times; d. 16 April, 1624.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02589a.htm

» Bismarck, Diocese of
   In North Dakota, this diocese was erected on 31 December, 1909, and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minnesota.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16010b.htm

» Bisomus
   A tomb large enough to contain two bodies.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590a.htm

» Black Fast, The
   This form of fasting, the most rigorous in the history of church legislation, was marked by austerity regarding the quantity and quality of food permitted on fasting days as well as the time wherein such food might be legitimately taken.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590c.htm

» Blackburne, Robert
   An English Catholic who suffered imprisonment in the closing years of the seventeenth, and during the earlier half of the eighteenth, centuries; died in 1748.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590b.htm

» Blackfoot Indians
   An important tribe of the Northern Plains, constituting the westernmost extension of the great Algonquian stock.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590d.htm

» Blackwood, Adam
   Author, b. at Dunfermline, Scotland, 1539; d. 1613.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02591a.htm

» Blaise, Saint
   Bishop of Sebaste, martyr, d. about 316.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02592a.htm

» Blanc, Anthony
   Fifth Bishop, and first Archbishop, of New Orleans, La., U.S.A. (1792-1860)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02592b.htm

» Blanchard, Jean-Baptiste
   French Jesuit and educator. (1731-1797)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02592c.htm

» Blanchet, Augustin Magloire
   Brother of François Norbert Blanchet, first Bishop of Walla Walla-Nesqually, State of Washington, U.S.A. (1797-1887)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02593b.htm

» Blanchet, Franç Norbert
   Missionary and first Archbishop of Oregon City, U.S.A. (1795-1883)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02593a.htm

» Blandina, Saint
   Virgin and martyr, d. at Lyons in 177.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02594a.htm

» Blane, Saint
   Nephew of St. Cathan. Blane studied in Ireland under SS. Comgall and Kenneth, became a monk, went to Scotland, became a bishop of the Picts, died 590.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02594b.htm

» Blasphemy
   Signifies etymologically gross irreverence towards any person or thing worthy of exalted esteem.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02595a.htm

» Blastares, Matthew
   A monk of the Order of St. Basil, living in the fourteenth century, who applied himself to the study of theology and canon law.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02596a.htm

» Blathmac, Saint
   Irish monk, martyred at Iona in about 835. In Latinized form, he is sometimes called Florentius. His life was written in Latin hexameter by Strabo.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02596b.htm

» Blemmida, Nicephorus
   A learned monk and writer of the Green Church, b. about 1198, at Constantinople; d. 1272.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02596c.htm

» Blenkinsop
   Details of four people with this name.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02597a.htm

» Blessed Sacrament, Sisters of the
   Founded in 1889 by Katharine Drexel.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02599a.htm

» Blessed, The
   Beatification is a permission for public worship restricted to certain places and to certain acts.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02597b.htm

» Blessing
   Aspects discussed are, I. Antiquity; II. Minister; III. Objects; IV. Efficacy; and V. Rite employed in administering.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02599b.htm

» Blessing, Apostolic
   The popes very often delegated to others the power to give this blessing in answer to petitions from princes, at the close of missions, and on such occasions.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02602a.htm

» Blois
   Coextensive with the civil department of Loir-et-Cher and a suffragan of Paris.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02602b.htm

» Blomevenna, Peter
   Carthusian, b. at Leyden, in Holland in 1466; d. 30 September, 1536.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02602c.htm

» Blood Indians
   A group of North American aborigines forming part of the Blackfeet Tribe, which, with the Apapahoes and Cheyennes, constitute the Western division of the Algonquin family.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02603a.htm

» Blosius, François-Louis
   A Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer, born at Donstienne, near Liège, Flanders, 1506; died at Liessies, 1566.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02604a.htm

» Blyssen, Heinrich
   Principal work, "De uno geminoque sacrae eucharistiae synaxeos salubriter percipiendae ritu ac usu" was published (Ingolstadt, 1585) when he was provincial of Austria.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02604b.htm

» Blyth, Francis
   English Carmelite, reviser of the Douay Bible, born c. 1705; d. in London, 11 December 1772.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02604c.htm

» Bobadilla, Nicolaus
   The last survivor of the seven first companions of Ignatius of Loyola. (1511-1590)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02605a.htm

» Bobbio, Abbey and Diocese of
   Suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Genoa.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02605b.htm

» Boccaccino
   Italian painter, b. at Cremona, 1460, and d. probably in 1525 rather than in 1518, the date usually given.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02606a.htm

» Boccaccio, Giovanni
   Biography and overview of the author's major works.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02607a.htm

» Bocking, Edward
   English Benedictine, b. of East Anglian parentage, end of fifteenth century; d. 20 April, 1534.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02608b.htm

» Bodin, Jean
   Article by Georges Goyau. Notes the philosopher's relation to the political and religious order of his time.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02609a.htm

» Bodone
   A titular see of Albania.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02609b.htm

» Boece, Hector
   Chronicler and one of the founders of the University of Aberdeen, b. at Dundee c. 1465; d. 1536.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02609c.htm

» Boecken, Placidus
   A German Benedictine, canonist, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salzburg. (1690-1752)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02608a.htm

» Boerglum, Ancient See of
   In Denmark, included the ancient districts of Vendsyssel and Thy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16011b.htm

» Boeri, Petrus
   A french benedictine canonist and bishop, b. during the first quarter of the fourteenth century at Laredorte.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02610a.htm

» Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
   Article with a focus on Boethius as a theologian.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02610b.htm

» Bogotá
   Capital of the republic of Colombia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02612a.htm

» Bohemia
   Crown province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which until 1526 was an independent kingdom.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02612b.htm

» Bohemian Brethren
   "Bohemian Brethren" and "Moravian Brethren" are the current popular designation of the Unitas Fratrum founded in Bohemia in 1457, renewed by Count Zinzendorf in 1722.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02616a.htm

» Bohemians of the United States
   Religious dissensions at the beginning of the seventeenth century induced many to leave their native country and cross the ocean.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02620a.htm

» Boiano
   Diocese in the province of Benevento, Italy, suffragan to the Archbishopric of Benevento.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02622a.htm

» Boiardo, Matteo Maria
   An Italian poet, b. about 1434, at, or near, Scandiano (Reggio-Emilia); d. at Reggio, 20 December, 1494.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02622b.htm

» Boileau-Despréaux, Nicholas
   French poet. (1636-1711)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02623a.htm

» Bois-le-Duc
   Diocese lies within the Dutch province of Brabant, and is suffragan to Utrecht.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02625b.htm

» Boise
   Diocese created by Leo XIII, 25 August, 1893.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02623b.htm

» Boisgelin, Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de
   French prelate and cardinal. (1732-1804)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02624a.htm

» Boisil, Saint
   Abbot of Melrose, renowned for prophetic gifts, taught St. Cuthbert. St. Boisil died in 664.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02625a.htm

» Bokenham, Osbern
   English Augustinian friar and poet, b. 1393, d. probably in 1447.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02625c.htm

» Bolanden, Conrad von
   A German novelist, son of a rich merchant, b. 9 August, 1828, at Niedergeilbach, a village of the Palatinate.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02626a.htm

» Bolgeni, Giovanni Vincenzo
   Theologian and controversialist. (1733-1811)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02626b.htm

» Bolivia
   Includes history, geography, education, church, and government information.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02627a.htm

» Bollandists, The
   An association of ecclesiastical scholars engaged in editing the Acta Sanctorum.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02630a.htm

» Bollig, Johann
   Orientalist, born near Düren in Rhenish Prusia 23 August, 1821; died at Rome in 1895.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02639a.htm

» Bologna
   The principal city in the province of the same name, Italy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02639b.htm

» Bologna, Giovanni da
   Flemish Renaissance sculptor, b. at Douai, in Flanders, about 1524; d. at Florence in 1608.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02641a.htm

» Bologna, University of
   A tradition of the thirteenth century attributed the foundation of this university to Theodosius II (433); but this legend is now generally rejected.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02641b.htm

» Bolsec, Jérôme-Hermès
   A theologian and physician, b. probably at Paris, date unknown; d. at Lyons c. 1584.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02643a.htm

» Bolton, Edmund
   Historian, antiquary, and poet, born c. 1575; died c. 1633.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02643b.htm

» Bolzano, Bernhard
   Austrian mathematician and philosopher, b. at Prague, 5 October, 1781; d. 18 December, 1848.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02643c.htm

» Bombay
   The Archdiocese of Bombay comprises the Island of Bombay with several outlying churches in the neighbouring Island of Salsette.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02644a.htm

» Bommel, Cornelius Richard Anton van
   Bishop of Liège, born at Leyden, in Holland on 5 April, 1790; died 7 April 1852.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02645a.htm

» Bon Secours, Institutes of
   Congregations of nursing sisters whose object is to take care of both rich and poor patients in their own homes.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02678a.htm

» Bona Mors Confraternity, The
   Founded 1648, in the Church of the Gesu, by Father Vincent Carrafa, seventh General of the Society of Jesus, and approved by the Sovereign Pontiffs Innocent X and Alexander VII.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02648a.htm

» Bona, Giovanni
   Cardinal and author. (1609-1674)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02645b.htm

» Bonagratia of Bergamo
   Friar Minor, theologian, and canonist, date of birth unknown; d. at Munich, 1343.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02646a.htm

» Bonal, François de
   Bishop of Clermont, b. 1734 at the castle of Bonal, near Agen; d. at Munich, 1800.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02646b.htm

» Bonal, Raymond
   French theologian and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of St. Mary.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02646c.htm

» Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicompte de
   French statesman, writer, and philosopher. (1754-1840)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02647a.htm

» Bonald, Louis-Jacques-Maurice de
   Cardinal, b. at Millau, in Rouergue, 30 October, 1787, d. at Lyons, 25 Feb., 1870.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02647b.htm

» Bonaparte, Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent
   Prince of Canino and Musignano, and ornithologist. (1803-1857)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02648b.htm

» Bonaventure, Saint
   Biobibliographical essay on the Franciscan theologian and Doctor of the Church, d. 1274.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02648c.htm

» Boncompagni, Balthasar
   Italian mathematician. (1821-1894)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02654a.htm

» Bonet, Juan Pablo
   Spanish priest and one of the first to give attention to the education of the deaf and dumb, b. towards the end of the sixteenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02655a.htm

» Bonet, Nicholas
   Friar Minor, theologian, and missionary, date of birth uncertain; d. 1360.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02655b.htm

» Bonfrère, Jacques
   Biblical scholar, born at Dinant, Belgium, 12 April, 1573; died at Tournai, 9 May, 1642.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02655c.htm

» Boni Homines
   This name was popularly given to at least three religious orders in the Church.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02672b.htm

» Boniface Association
   The object of the association is to maintain what the Catholic church possesses in those regions where Catholics are few in number, to found and support missions and schools, and to erect churches, parish-houses, and schools for Catholics in the Protestan
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02671a.htm

» Boniface I, Pope Saint
   Consecrated the same day as the antipope Eulalius. Both were ordered to leave Rome. Eulalius took over St. John Lateran on Holy Saturday, after which the emperor refused to consider his claim. Boniface died in 422.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02658a.htm

» Boniface II, Pope
   Elected 17 September, 530; died October, 532.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660a.htm

» Boniface III, Pope
   Roman elected to succeed Sabinian after an interregnum of nearly a year; he was consecrated 19 February, 607; d. 12 November of the same year.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660b.htm

» Boniface IV, Pope Saint
   Transformed the Pantheon into a Christian church, died in 615.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660c.htm

» Boniface IX, Pope
   Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d. there, 1 October, 1404.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02670a.htm

» Boniface V, Pope
   A Neapolitan who succeeded Deusdedit after a vacancy of more than a year; consecrated 23 December, 619.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661a.htm

» Boniface VI, Pope
   A Roman, elected in 896 by the Roman faction in a popular tumult, to succeed Formosus.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661b.htm

» Boniface VII, Antipope
   Roman and son of Ferrucius; was intruded into the Chair of St. Peter in 974; reinstalled 984; died July, 985.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661c.htm

» Boniface VIII, Pope
   Born at Anagni about 1235; died at Rome, 11 October, 1303.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02662a.htm

» Boniface of Savoy
   Forty-sixth Archbishop of Canterbury and son of Thomas, Count of Savoy, date of birth uncertain; d. in Savoy, 14 July, 1270.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02672a.htm

» Boniface, Saint
   Born Winfrid, a native of England, Benedictine monk, the Apostle of Germany, martyred in 755.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm

» Bonizo of Sutri
   Bishop of Sutri in Central Italy, in the eleventh century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02673a.htm

» Bonn, University of
   An academy founded at Bonn in 1777 by Max Friedrich, Prince-Archbishop of Cologne.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02673b.htm

» Bonne-Espérance, The Abbey of
   Situated near Binche, province of Hainault, Diocese of Tournai, Belgium.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02674c.htm

» Bonnechose, Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de
   Cardinal and senator, b. at Paris, 1800; d. 1883.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02674b.htm

» Bonner, Edmund
   Bishop of London, b. about 1500; d. 1569.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02675a.htm

» Bonnetty, Augustin
   French writer, b. at Entrevaux 9 May, 1798, d. at Paris, 26 March, 1879.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02677a.htm

» Bonosus
   Bishop of Sardica, a heretic in the latter part of the fourth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02677b.htm

» Bonvicino, Alessandro
   Italian painter of the sixteenth century, born at Brescia about 1498; died at the same place, 1555.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02678b.htm

» Book of Common Prayer
   Includes history and contents.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02678c.htm

» Book of Martyrs, Foxe's
   Protestant martyrology, from Wyclif to Cranmer, illustrated with woodcuts. The author was a controversialist sympathetic to John Knox.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02681a.htm

» Bordeaux
   Archdiocese; comprises the entire department of the Gironde and was established conformably to the Concordat of 1802.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02682a.htm

» Bordeaux, University of
   Founded during the English domination, under King Henry VI, in 1441.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02684a.htm

» Bordone, Cavaliere Paris
   Painter of the Venetian school. (1500-1570)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02684b.htm

» Borgess, Caspar Henry
   Third Bishop of Detroit, Michigan. (1824-1890)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02684c.htm

» Borgia, Stefano
   Italian cardinal, theologian, antiquarian, and historian. (1731-1804)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02685a.htm

» Borgo San-Donnino
   Diocese in the province of Parma, Italy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02686a.htm

» Borgo San-Sepolcro
   Diocese situated in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02686b.htm

» Borgognone, Ambrogio
   Italian painter and architect, b. Milan, c. 1455, d. at Milan, 1523.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02685b.htm

» Borneo
   Includes history of Dutch and British rule.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02687a.htm

» Borras, Francisco Nicolás
   Spanish painter, born at Cocentaina, 1530; died at Gandia, 1610.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02687c.htm

» Borromeo, Andrea
   An Italian missionary, born on the first half of the seventeenth century, at or near Milan; died in 1683.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688a.htm

» Borromeo, Federico
   Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan, cousin and successor of St. Charles Borromeo. (1564-1631)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688b.htm

» Borromeo, Society of Saint Charles
   A German Catholic association for the encouragement and diffusion of edifying, instructive, and entertaining literature.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688c.htm

» Borromini, Francesco
   Architect and sculptor; born 25 September, 1599, at Bissone; died by his own hand 1 August, 1667, at Rome.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688d.htm

» Borrus, Christopher
   Missionary, mathematician, and astronomer. (1583-1632)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02689a.htm

» Boré, Eugène
   French Orientalist. (1809-1878)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16011a.htm

» Bosa, Diocese of
   In the province of Cagliari.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02689b.htm

» Bosch, Peter van der
   Bollandist, born at Brussels, 19 October, 1686; died 14 November, 1736.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02689c.htm

» Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe
   Detailed article by Adolf Muller on the Jesuit mathematician and philosopher.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02691a.htm

» Bosio, Antonio
   Known as "The Columbus of the Catacombs", b. in the island of Malta about the year 1576; d. 1629.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02693a.htm

» Bosnia and Herzegovina
   Together, form the north-western corner of the Balkan Peninsula.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02694a.htm

» Boso
   First Bishop of Merseburg, in the present Prussian Province of Saxony, and Apostle of the Wends, d. November, 970.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02697a.htm

» Boso (Breakspear)
   Third English Cardinal, date of birth uncertain, d. at Rome, about 1181.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02697b.htm

» Bossu, Jacques le
   French theologian and Doctor of the Sorbonne, born at Paris 1546; died at Rome 1626.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02698a.htm

» Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne
   French bishop and orator. (1627-1704)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02698b.htm

» Boston
   Archdiocese; comprises Essex, Middlesex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Plymouth counties in the State of Massachusetts, U.S.A.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02703a.htm

» Bostra
   Titular see of Syria.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02707a.htm

» Bothrys
   A titular see situated in Phoenicia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02708a.htm

» Botticelli, Sandro
   Florentine painter. (1447-1510)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02708b.htm

» Botulph, Saint
   Or Botolph. Founder and abbot of Icanhoe, d. about 680.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02709a.htm

» Boturini Benaducci, Lorenzo
   Native of Milan who went to Mexico in 1736 by permission of the Spanish government and remained there eight years, familiarizing himself with the Nahuatl or Mexican language.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02710a.htm

» Boucher, Pierre
   Born at Lagny, a village near Mortagne in the Perche, France, 1622, died at Boucherville, 1717.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02710b.htm

» Bougaud, Louis-Victor-Emile
   Bishop of Laval in France. (1823-1888)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02710c.htm

» Bougeant, Guillaume-Hyacinthe
   French Jesuit. (1690-1743)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711a.htm

» Bouhours, Dominique
   French Jesuit author. (1632-1702)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711b.htm

» Bouillart, Jacques
   Benedictine monk of the Congregation of St. Maur. (1669-1726)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711c.htm

» Bouillon, Cardinal de
   French prelate and diplomat. (1643-1715)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711d.htm

» Bouix, Marie Dominique
   French canonists. (1808-1870)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711e.htm

» Boulainvilliers, Henri, Count of
   One of the first French historians to write the history of the institutions or fundamental laws of the nation. (1658-1722)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02713a.htm

» Boulanger, André de
   French monk and preacher, b. at Paris in 1578; d. 27 September, 1657.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02713b.htm

» Boulay, César-Egasse du
   French historian, b. in the beginning of the seventeenth century at Saint-Ellier; d. 16 October, 1678.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02714a.htm

» Boulogne, Etienne-Antoine
   French bishop, b. at Avignon, 26 December 1747; d. at Troyes, 13 March, 1825.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02714b.htm

» Bouquet, Martin
   Benedictine of the Congregation of St.-Maur. (1685-1754)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02715a.htm

» Bouquillon, Thomas
   Belgian theologian and professor of moral theology in the Catholic University of America. (1840-1902)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02715b.htm

» Bourassé, Jean-Jacques
   Archæologist and historian. (1813-1872)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02716a.htm

» Bourchier, Thomas
   Cardinal, born 1406; died 1486.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02716b.htm

» Bourdaloue, Louis
   French Jesuit preacher. (1632-1704)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02717a.htm

» Bourdeilles, Hélie de
   Archbishop of Tours and Cardinal, b., probably, towards 1323; d. 5 July, 1484.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02719a.htm

» Bourdon, Jean
   First engineer-in-chief and land-surveyor in the colony of New France, and the first attorney-general of the Conseil Superieur. (1612-1668)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02719b.htm

» Bourgade, François
   French missionary and philosopher. (1806-1866)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02720a.htm

» Bourges
   Coextensive with the departments of Cher and Indre.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02720b.htm

» Bourget, Ignace
   First Bishop of Montreal and titular Archbishop of Martianopolis. (1799-1885)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02721a.htm

» Bourgoing, François
   Third Superior general of the Congregation of the Oratory in France and one of the en early companions of Cardinal de BÈrulle, the founder of the French Oratorians. (1585-1662)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02722a.htm

» Bourke, Ulick Joseph
   Irish scholar and writer. (1829-1887)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16011c.htm

» Bourne, Gilbert
   Last Catholic Bishop of Bath and Wells, England, son of Philip Bourne of Worcestershire, date of birth unknown; d. 10 Sept., 1569.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02722b.htm

» Bouvens, Charles de
   French pulpit orator, b. at Bourg in 1750; d. in 1830.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723a.htm

» Bouvet, Joachim
   Jesuit missionary. (d. 1732)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723b.htm

» Bouvier, Jean-Baptiste
   Bishop of Le Mans, theologian. (1783-1854)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723c.htm

» Bova
   Situated in the civil province of Reggio,in Calabria, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Reggio.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02724a.htm

» Bovino
   Diocese in the province of Foggia, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Benevento.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02724b.htm

» Bowyer, Sir George
   Baronet, English writer on jurisprudence, as well as a prominent defender of the Holy See and of Catholic interests in general. (1811-1883)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02724c.htm

» Boy-Bishop
   The custom of electing a boy-bishop on the feast of St. Nicholas dates from very early times, and was in vogue in most Catholic countries, but chiefly in England.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02725a.htm

» Boyce, John
   Novelist, lecturer, and priest, well known under the assumed name of "Paul Peppergrass". (1810-1864)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02725b.htm

» Boycotting
   Practice named after Captain Boycott, against whom this form of ostracism had great effect.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16012a.htm

» Boyle Abbey
   Irish Cistercian house.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02726a.htm

» Bracken, Thomas
   Poet, journalist, politician. (1843-1898)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02726b.htm

» Bracton, Henry de
   English juridical writer, born probably in King John's reign and died about four years before the close of that of Henry III.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02726c.htm

» Bradley, Denis Mary
   First Bishop of Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A. (1846-1903)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727a.htm

» Bradshaigh, Edward
   An English Carmelite friar known in religion as Elias à Jesu; b. in Lancashire, England, early in the seventeenth century; d. at Benfold, 25 September, 1652.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727b.htm

» Bradshaw, Henry
   English Benedictine and poet, b. in the City of Chester, England, date unknown; d. 1513.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727c.htm

» Brady, William Maziere
   Ecclesiastical writer, b. in Dublin, 8 January, 1825; d. in Rome, 19 March, 1894.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727d.htm

» Braga, Archdiocese of
   Situated between the rivers Este and Cavado, in the province of Minho, in the Kingdom of Portugal.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02728a.htm

» Braga, Councils of
   Offers details of several councils held here.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02729a.htm

» Bragança-Miranda, Diocese of
   Situated in the northeastern part of the Kingdom of Portugal, in the civil province of Tras-os-Montes.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02729b.htm

» Brahminism
   Religion and social system which grew out of the polytheistic nature-worship of the ancient Aryan conquerors of northern India.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02730a.htm

» Braille, Louis
   French educator and inventorof the system of writing in raised or relief points for the blind. (1809-1852)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02735a.htm

» Bralion, Nicolas de
   French Oratorian and ecclesiastical writer, born at Chars-en-Vexin, France, c. 1600; died at Paris, 11 May 1672.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02735b.htm

» Bramante, Donato
   Italian architect and painter, b. about 1444 at Monte Asdrualdo; d. in Rome, 11 March, 1514.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02736a.htm

» Brancaccio
   An ancient and illustrious Neapolitan family, from which the "Brancas" of France were descended.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02737a.htm

» Brancati di Lauria, Francesco Lorenzo
   Cardinal, Minor conventual, and theologian. (1612-1693)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02738a.htm

» Brancati, Francesco
   Jesuit missionary to China. (1607-1671)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02737b.htm

» Branch Sunday
   One of the medieval English names for Palm Sunday.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02738b.htm

» Brandenburg
   Formerly an electoral principality, and a diocese in the heart of the present Kingdom of Prussia.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02738c.htm

» Branly, Edouard
   Nineteenth century French physicist.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02740a.htm

» Brant, Sebastian
   Short biography of the German humanist and poet.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02741a.htm

» Brantôme, Seigneur de Bourdeille, Pierre de
   French writer of memoirs, b. in 1539, or a little later; d. 15 July, 1614.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02742a.htm

» Brasses, Memorial
   Earliest existing dated examples are of the thirteenth century.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02742b.htm

» Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne, Abbé
   Born at Bourbourg, France, 1814; died at Nice in January, 1874.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02743a.htm

» Brassicanus, Johann Alexander
   German humanist, born probably at Cannstatt, 1500; died at Vienna, 25 November, 1539.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02744a.htm

» Brassicanus, Johann Ludwig
   Younger brother of Johann Alexander, went to Vienna with his brother in 1524 and likewise won distinction both as a philologist and jurist.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02744b.htm

» Braulio, Saint
   Bishop of Saragossa, hagiographer, friend of St. Isidore of Seville. St. Braulio died in about 651.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02744c.htm

» Braun, Placidus
   Bavarian historian. (1756-1829)
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02745a.htm

» Braunschweig
   A duchy situated in the mountainous central part of Northern Germany, comprising the region of the Harz mountains.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03019a.htm

» Bravo, Francisco
   As far as known, author of the first book on medicine printed in America.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02745b.htm

» Brazil
   Information includes history, religion, climate, education, and economy.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02745c.htm

» Bread, Liturgical Use of
   In the Christian liturgy bread is used principally as one of the elements of the Eucharistic sacrifice.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02749a.htm

» Breast, Striking of the
   A liturgical act prescribed in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02751a.htm

» Breda
   Diocese situated in the Dutch province of Brabant and suffragan of Utrecht.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02752a.htm